Yeast infection, or candidiasis is a disease of the vagina, particularly around the vulva. Around 75% of women will experience having this yeast infection one in their lives.  This high rate of incidence is because of the fact that yeast is normally found in the vagina.  Once certain environmental conditions are met, the yeast would start to grow in numbers, causing an infection in the vagina.  The type of yeast that cause this condition is Candida albicans, but other strains of yeast such as Candida glabrata may also be a causative agent.

Causes of Yeast Infection:

Normally, the pH of the vagina is 3.5-4.5.  This acidic environment is maintained by a Lactobacillus acidophilus, a normal bacterium found in the vagina that is responsible for maintaining its healthy environment.  Conditions that affect both the growth of the beneficial bacteria and the normal pH of the vagina can lead to development of yeast infection.

Stress: stress can cause some pH changes in a woman’s vagina.  It can make the pH of the vagina to become alkalinic, promoting yeast infection.

Pregnancy: some pregnant women can have yeast infection because of the same reason.

Diabetes: not only does this disease increase the pH in the vagina, the high glucose content can be a good environment for microbial growth.

Medications:  topical or systemic use of antibiotics can eliminate the growth of beneficial bacteria that combat the formation of other microorganisms. Steroids and birth control pills can also cause yeast infection.  

Immunocompromised conditions: chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or HIV/AIDS can predispose a person to having yeast infection.

Menstruation: menstruation increases the pH of the vagina, making it an alkaline environment.

Douching: this can irritate the mucosal lining of the vagina, as well as kill beneficial bacteria.

Signs and Symptoms of Yeast Infections:

On physical examination, your vulva and/or vagina will appear swollen and red.

The vagina is highly itchy and irritated.

Vaginal rash

There is pain during intercourse.

There is also pain during urination.

Presence of thick, white discharge similar to the consistency and appearance of cottage cheese but with no foul   odor.  

Treatment and Management of Yeast Infections:

Yeast infections are easy to treat, and some medications are available over the counter without prescriptions.  However, caution is advised when using these medications.  These medications are either in the form of suppositories, cream, or ointments. Miconazole(Monistat), Tioconazol (Vagistat) Butoconazole (Femstat) Clotrimazole (Femizole-7) are common over-the-counter medications.  They are used 1-7 days, depending upon the strength and indication of the medication.  There are some risks attributed to self-medicating, so it is advisable that you still seek medical advice when addressing your infection.  Pregnancy, presence of other infections (HIV/AIDS), recurrent yeast infections are some of the indications when you have to see the doctor before you undergo treatment.

You may have to change your underwear.  100% cotton is preferable over nylon, polyester, and silk underwear for it absorbs moisture.  If your vagina is always wet because the discharge is not being absorbed by your underwear, you will suffer recurrent infection.  In the same light, change into dry, clean underwear immediately after swimming.  Avoid using vaginal douche, harsh soaps, and bubble bath.  They irritate the mucosal lining of the vagina, as well as disturb the natural flora, predisposing you to recurrent infections.

There are some instances when you will be contracting yeast infection through sexual intercourse, but the incidence is quite rare.  If this is feared, always tell your partner to wear a condom.  As long as you know who to prevent yeast infection and you are practicing healthy hygienic measures, you will control the infection.